Effects of the Cerebral Aneurysm Treatment Method on Coil Packing Density and Its Relationship with the Ostium Area

PurposeTo test the following hypotheses: (a) balloon or stent assistance increases coil packing density (CPD) in the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms, and (b) CPD correlates to ostium area (OA) and aneurysm volume (AV).Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study included 60 aneurysms (54 ruptured and 6 unruptured) treated with simple coiling (SC) (n = 18), balloon-assisted coiling (BAC) (n = 7), or stent-assisted coiling (SAC) (n = 35) at the authors’ institution between August 2017 and December 2019. AV and OA measurements were obtained from 3-dimensional digital subtraction angiography images using commercial software. Coil sizes were retrieved from patient files, and coil volume (CV) measurements were obtained from https://www.angiocalc.com/. Analysis of covariance, multivariate covariance analysis, and Pearson correlation analyses were performed.ResultsThe median value for AV, CV, CPD, and OA was 63.4 mm³ (range, 5.5–1,771.4 mm³), 23.13 mm³ (range, 2.03–296.95 mm³), 33.29% (range, 13.41%–81.02%), and 10.7 mm² (range, 2.7–49.9 mm²), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the CPD values were not significantly different among the treatment groups, although OA significantly differed between the SC and SAC groups (P < .05). Pearson correlations showed that similar to AV, OA was negatively correlated with CPD (r = ?0.321, P < .05).ConclusionsThe CPD value in cerebral aneurysms treated with BAC or SAC did not differ from that in aneurysms treated with SC.     

MR-safety in clinical practice at 7T: Evaluation of a multistep screening process in 1819 subjects

IntroductionMR facilities must implement and maintain adequate screening and safety procedures to ensure safety during MR examinations. The aim of this study was to evaluate a multi-step MR safety screening process used at a 7T facility regarding incidence of different types of safety risks detected during the safety procedure.MethodsSubjects scheduled for an MR examination and having entered the 7T facility during 2016–2019 underwent a pre-defined multi-step MR safety screening process. Screening documentation of 1819 included subjects was reviewed, and risks identified during the different screening steps were compiled. These data were also related to documented decisions made by a 7T MR safety committee and reported MR safety incidents.ResultsPassive or active implants (n = 315) were identified in a screening form and/or an additional documented interview in 305 subjects. Additional information not previously self-reported by the subject, regarding implants necessitating safety decisions performed by the staff was revealed in the documented interview in 102 subjects (106 items). In total, the 7T MR safety committee documented a decision in 36 (2%) of the included subjects. All of these subjects were finally cleared for scanning.ConclusionA multi-step screening process allows a thorough MR screening of subjects, avoiding safety incidents. Different steps in the process allow awareness to rise and items to be detected that were missed in earlier steps.Implications for practiceSafety questions posed at a single timepoint during an MR screening process might not reveal all safety risks. Repetition and rephrasing of screening questions leads to increased detection of safety risks. This could be effectively mitigated by a multi-step screening process. A multi-disciplinary safety committee is efficient at short notice responding to unexpected safety issues.     

温阳解郁颗粒调节BDNF/TrkB/ERK信号通路保护皮质酮诱导损伤型海马神经细胞的作用机制研究＊

目的 观察温阳解郁颗粒（Wenyang Jieyu granule，WYJY）对皮质酮（Corticosterone，CORT）诱导损伤型小鼠海马神经细胞（TH22 cell）的保护作用，基于脑源性神经营养因子（Brain derived neurotrophic factor， BDNF）/酪氨酸激酶B（Tyrosine kinase B， TrkB）/细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶（Extra cellular regulated protein kinases， ERK）信号通路探讨WYJY保护海马神经细胞的作用机制。方法 体外构建小鼠海马神经细胞皮质酮诱导损伤模型，以不同浓度的WYJY和氟西汀（Fluoxetine，FXT）含药血清作用于模型细胞，细胞增殖-毒性检测（Cell Counting Kit-8， CCK-8）法分析细胞活性，倒置显微镜下观察给药前后细胞形态结构的改变，采用蛋白免疫印迹法（Western Blot）、实时荧光定量PCR（Quantitative real-time PCR， qPCR）法检测神经细胞内凋亡因子（BCL2-Associated X， Bax）、抗凋亡因子（B-cell lymphoma-2， Bcl-2）、BDNF、Trkb、ERK以及丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶（Phospho-p90RSK， RSK）、环磷腺苷效应元件结合蛋白（cAMP-response element binding protein， CREB）蛋白表达水平以及相关基因的表达水平。结果 在浓度为459.5 μmol·L^-1的CORT作用24 h后，HT22细胞的活性抑制率达到50%，在此条件作用下细胞形态结构损伤明显，凋亡程度严重，细胞上清中BDNF的含量显著减少（P<0.05），细胞内凋亡相关因子Bax/Bcl-2的比值明显升高（P<0.01），BDNF、Trkb、ERK、RSK、CREB磷酸化蛋白表达水平和mRNA表达水平明显降低（P<0.01）；以5%的浓度为2.85 g·kg^-1的WYJY和10%的FXT含药血清作用于受损的HT22细胞后，HT22细胞存活率明显提升（P<0.01），细胞结构的损伤明显改善，细胞凋亡程度减轻，细胞外BDNF的含量显著升高（P<0.05），细胞内Bax/Bcl-2比值显著下调（P<0.01），BDNF、Trkb、ERK、RSK、CREB磷酸化蛋白表达水平和mRNA表达水平显著提升（P<0.05，P<0.01）。结论 温阳解郁颗粒可有效保护高浓度CORT造成的小鼠海马神经细胞损伤。调控BDNF/Trkb/ERK通路，放大CREB信号传导，影响Bcl-2、BDNF水平，可能是其保护海马神经元，发挥抗抑郁疗效的重要机制。     

Functional outcomes and complications after treatment of distal radius fracture in patients sixty years and over: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

AimThis network meta-analysis aims to compare functional outcomes and complications between conservative treatment and surgery for distal radius fractures in patients aged 60 years and over.MethodsWe searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of conservative treatment and surgery for distal radius fractures in patients aged 60 years and over. Primary outcomes included grip strength and overall complications. Secondary outcomes included Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) scores, Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) scores, wrist range of motion and forearm rotation, and radiographic assessment. All continuous outcomes were assessed using standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and binary outcomes were assessed using odds ratio (OR) with 95% CIs. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was used to determine a hierarchy of treatments. Cluster analysis was performed for grouping treatments based on the SUCRA values of primary outcomes.ResultsFourteen RCTs were included to compare conservative treatment, volar lockedplate (VLP), K-wires fixation, and external-fixation. VLP outperformed conservative treatment for 1-year and minimum 2-year grip strength (SMD; 0.28 [0.07 to 0.48] and 0.27 [0.02 to 0.53], respectively). VLP yielded the optimal grip strength at 1-year and minimum 2-year follow-up (SUCRA; 89.8% and 86.7%, respectively). In a subgroup analysis of patients aged 60 to 80 years old, VLP outperformed conservative treatment in DASH and PRWE scores (SMD, 0.33 [0.10, 0.56] and 0.23 [0.01, 0.45], respectively). In addition, VLP had the fewest complications (SUCRA = 84.3%). Cluster analysis suggested that VLP and K-wire fixation were more effective treatment groups.ConclusionEvidence to date demonstrates that VLP provides measurable benefits in grip strength and fewer complications to those 60 years of age and over, and that benefit is not reflected in current practice guidelines. There is a subgroup of patients where K-wire fixation outcomes are similar to those of VLP; defining this subgroup may yield substantial societal benefits.